Outside My Window

If you’ve read my blog for any length of time, you’ll notice that I use Wikipedia extensively for links to further information.  I personally use it every day for research.

Today Wikipedia has gone dark in protest of two bills, SOPA and PIPA, before the U.S. House and Senate.  If passed those bills would create new tools for censorship of international websites inside the U.S. and potentially shut down U.S. websites and their financial services, without a trial, for alleged copyright infringement.  These bills have been urged by the entertainment industry.

Read more about Wikipedia’s decision here.  Click on the graphic to see Wikipedia’s home page today.  (Note that mobile phones will see the normal page.)

———————  Personal opinion about SOPA and PIPA ———————

On this blog I make every effort to insure that I have rights to display the media I use, but I cannot know if a website is lying when it tells me media is in the public domain or is free to use.  If these bills become law, the federal government could shut down my blog without warning for copyright infringement if I used media from a place that lied to me.  Very scary stuff.  I’m contacting my legislators.

For today Wikipedia is dark and my links will not work.  I hope for a better tomorrow.

———————

(image from Wikipedia’s English language homepage, 18 January 2012)

p.s. Today’s Winter Tree blog is below.

I don’t want to change them but I’m supposed to turn my clocks back an hour tonight.

Daylight Saving Time (DST) was invented for people like me whose work is ruled by the clock but who spend their leisure time outdoors.  It’s really inconvenient for those who work by the solar day — farmers, for instance.

Though I like Daylight Saving Time I hate changing the clocks no matter which direction they’re going.

The twice yearly jog causes trouble for nationwide schedules, computer programs, and our sleep patterns.  We saw this when DST’s start and end dates moved by law in 2007.  Computers that missed the patch stayed on the old schedule.  Most annoying to me was the computer that unlocked the doors for the business day but remained on Standard time in early March.  It was too old to patch so we changed its time by hand.  Three weeks later it “knew” to change to DST and was wrong again.  Aaaaarrrggg!  (We got a new computer.)

Even worse are the clock-change effects on people.  In March the loss of an hour makes everyone groggy.  Studies have shown that there are significantly more workplace accidents on the Monday after we “spring forward.”  Not only that, everyone’s grumpy for days!  I am, too.

Most of the world doesn’t suffer through this.  DST wasn’t standardized in the U.S. until 1966 and it’s not observed in Asia, Russia, most of Africa and most of South America.  It’s not even observed in Arizona and Hawaii.

So why do we have Daylight Saving Time?

In a word:  Lobbyists.

DST had a few early champions (G.V.Hudson, William Willett, and Pittsburgh’s Robert Garland) but it didn’t really catch on until lobbyists urged its use.  The start and end dates moved in 2007 because the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association and the National Association of Convenience Stores began lobbying for it in 2005.  Their sales benefit from outdoor leisure time.

We don’t have to live like this.  If I was in charge, we’d turn the clocks forward one night in March and we’d never go back.

I’m telling you, my clocks are just fine!

(photo in the public domain from Wikimedia Commons. Click on the photo to see the original.)

First the game birds declined.  Now the songbirds.

A study led by Anna Chalfoun of the Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at University of Wyoming has shown that the oil and gas boom in southwestern Wyoming has altered the landscape so much that even songbirds have declined where sagebrush once ruled.

In 1998 the Bureau of Land Management opened the Jonah gas field to intensive natural gas development.  The result is that the Upper Green River Valley changed dramatically from a sagebrush wilderness to a fragmented evenly-spaced industrial zone.

Those who love Wyoming saw an immediate change in the land and wildlife and petitioned BLM to revise their well-spacing rules.  In 2003 Skytruth collected satellite images and aerial photographs illustrating the oil and gas footprint and testified to the Committee on Resources of the U.S. House of Representatives, again petitioning for a change in well drilling techniques.

Skytruth’s famous 2006 aerial photo of the Jonah gas field (taken by EcoFlight’s Bruce Gordon) is shown above.

Alas, policies didn’t improve and the Upper Green River Valley has become a living experiment in intensive natural gas development.  What happens to the land, air, water and wildlife in the presence of this industrial activity?

According to Chalfoun’s study, some birds appear to be unaffected but Brewer’s, sage and vesper sparrows declined in direct proportion to the amount of wells, roads and human activity.  This is especially significant because BLM classes Brewer’s and sage sparrows as sensitive species.

Pennsylvania is conducting its own living experiment in the Marcellus shale. What happens to our forests during Marcellus industrial activity?

Listen to this report from The Allegheny Front, The Gas Boom Comes to the Forest, to find out what Pennsylvania scientists have learned so far.

(photo of Wyoming’s Jonah gas field, May 2006, by Bruce Gordon of EcoFlight for Skytruth)

The weather will be beautiful for the next six days so now’s the time to get outdoors.

In October, every day brings a change to the landscape.  Are the leaves changing color?  Are there new migrating birds in your area?  Have you seen monarch butterflies flying south?  Yes!

Not only is it fun to observe nature but it’s good for you.  Did you know that a nature walk boosts your mental health?

In 2010, UK researchers published an analysis of 10 studies on 1,250 people that showed that exercise in a green space greatly improves your mood and self esteem.

According to the BBC, “the research looked at many different outdoor activities including walking, gardening, cycling, fishing, boating, horse-riding and farming in locations such as a park, garden or nature trail.

The biggest effect was seen within just five minutes. … An [even] bigger effect was seen with exercise in an area that also contained water – such as a lake or river.”

So take time to get outdoors.  Be happy. 

It works for me.

(photo of a park in Pławniowice, Poland by Jan Mehlich from Wikimedia Commons.  …Resembles Schenley Park, doesn’t it?)

Eve is a musician and composer who, in 2009, made a river journey down the Mississippi by kayak, bicycle and car, gathering images, sounds and experiences to compose music evocative of the river and its communities.  During parts of the journey Mary accompanied her and they switched off kayaking.  One would paddle all day while the other drove ahead to the next landing.

By mid-October they were between St. Louis and Cape Girardeau.

On 16 October 2009 the weather was gray with heavy clouds when Eve saw a large flock of birds wheeling and turning in the distance.   The birds, and her conversation with a man named Paul in Cape Girardeau, inspired the music that accompanies this video.

The more I watch In and Out of the Game, the more fond of it I become.

Yes, the birds are there.  Wait for them.

(music and video by Eve Beglarian)

Incredible as it seems, the dotted blue line on this map is moving north.

That line is the Arctic Circle which defines the northern region on Earth that experiences at least one 24-hour day in summer and one 24-hour night in winter. 

I thought the Arctic Circle was permanent so I was stunned to find out last weekend that it’s moving north 49 feet (15 meters) per year.  The area inside the circle is shrinking — and it’s basically the moon’s fault. 

The Arctic Circle moves because the earth wobbles on its axis.  This happens for a variety of reasons but the biggest contributor is the tidal force caused by the moon’s gravitational pull.  The result is a 2^o change in the earth’s tilt over a 41,000 year period.

Right now the earth’s tilt is becoming less pronounced and the axis is slowly becoming upright.  Inch by inch, the North Pole is facing the sun less than it did the day before and locations on the edge of the Circle are losing the midnight sun by 49 feet per year.

In practice this is far less noticeable than it sounds because atmospheric refraction bends the light and topography allows us to see the sun longer from mountaintops.

Besides, it’s happening very slowly.  I don’t know when this particular wobble began its upward tilt nor when it will pause and start back down but with a 41,000 year period I don’t expect to see it in my lifetime. 

(image in the public domain from Wikimedia Commons. Click on the image to see the original.)

And you may have too!

Earthquakes are very unusual in Pittsburgh but just before 2:00pm, while Karen Lang and I were sitting on a cement bench near Heinz Chapel, I felt the bench swaying back and forth as if we were on a swing. I asked Karen, “Do you feel that?”

Yes, she did.  “I think we’re having an earthquake!”

In Smithfield, Virginia my sister was sitting on her sofa, 120 miles from the 5.8 earthquake epicenter in Mineral, Virginia, when the whole house started to shake and sway.  It started at ground level and worked its way up the house’s three stories — almost like a dog shaking off water from head to tail.  Mary was transfixed.  The worst swaying was on the third floor where my niece shouted, “Mom!  The glass is going to fall off the shelves!”

Fortunately the quake didn’t last long.  Nothing fell.  Nothing was damaged.

We’re all a little surprised.  Just a little excitement in nature today.

(Seismogram image from Wikimedia Commons.  Click on the image to see the original.)

This spiral is demanding that I blog about Fibonacci.  He was in the news last Friday because there’s a new book about him, and two weeks ago Chuck Tague said that the Fibonacci sequence describes spirals like these.

So I wondered… What are Fibonacci numbers?  And what do they have to do with spirals?

Fibonacci was a great Italian mathematician of the Middle Ages.  In 1202 he published Liber Abaci (Book of Calculation) in which he introduced the Hindu-Arabic numeral system to Europe and taught them calculations using digits 0-9 with place value.  Until that time, Europe used Roman numerals for commercial bookkeeping.  Imagine how hard that was!  CCXLVIII + MDCCCLXXIX = ?

In Liber Abaci Fibonacci discussed mathematical problems and calculations.  One of his “story problems” was about rabbits:

• Start with 1 male and 1 female rabbit in a field
• They produce 1 male and 1 female rabbit every month from their second month of age onward.
•  The young rabbits mature, pair up, and mate producing 1 male and 1 female per month from the second month of age onward.
• The rabbits never die. 

How many pairs of rabbits will be in the field at the end of one year?

The answer is a mathematical pattern that describes how many pairs of rabbits exist at the end of each month.   Start with 0 and 1 and put them in a row.  Add them together to produce the next number in the sequence.  Put this number at the end of the row and add those last two numbers to get the next one.  Keep doing this forever.  

       0,1
0+1=1  0,1,1
1+1=2  0,1,1,2
1+2=3  0,1,1,2,3
2+3=5  0,1,1,2,3,5
3+5=8  0,1,1,2,3,5,8

Thus the Fibonacci sequence:  0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610,…

How do Fibonacci numbers describe spirals? 

Imagine drawing squares whose edge lengths are the units in the Fibonacci sequence.  Each time you draw a new square, make it touch the ones you drew before.  Because each number in the sequence is larger, the new squares touch the old ones on their long edge.  Eventually you’ll notice that you are drawing squares in a spiral.  …Yes, this is hard to imagine.  Click here for an animation that shows how this works. 

How does this apply in nature?  Amazingly, the number of parts on a plant, the branching arrangements and the spirals of seed heads often follow the Fibonacci sequence.  Here are some real life examples (scroll down on the website).

I hope I haven’t lost you by now!  

I’ve only grazed the surface of Fibonacci in nature so if you’d like to learn more see this educational math website from Surry, UK that has good, simple examples and animations.

I really like numbers.  I get excited by these things.

(photo of a maypops tendril by Chuck Tague)

One incident is unfortunate.  Two is a pattern. 

After one young peregrine died on Monday in this hall of mirrors and a second was injured yesterday, my brain has been working overtime trying to make sense of it all. 

Why were there no peregrine deaths in Oakland during the first five years of nesting but at least one per year since then?   What caused this?  What changed?

From the start of Pitt peregrine nesting in 2002 through the spring of 2007, only one youngster had an accident in Oakland and it didn’t kill him.  Crash hit a window on the Cathedral of Learning, fell into an architectural nook where he was trapped overnight, and was found in the street the next evening with a broken collar bone.  He went to rehab and was released successfully the following February.  (He actually released himself.)

Since 2008 the news has been bad.  Every year at least one juvenile peregrine has died near Fifth Avenue and Craig Street.  In 2008 Sky hit the windows of the Rand Building.  In 2009 a juvenile died in the Webster Hall chimney but wasn’t discovered until October.  In 2010 one juvenile died and another was injured in that same chimney (which was covered immediately).  This year Yellow Girl died and Red was injured hitting the Software Engineering Institute’s windows on Henry Street. 

What is going on?  Why do the juveniles spend time where it’s so deadly? 

My friend Karen Lang has an answer. 

In the spring and summer of 2007 the University of Pittsburgh cleaned the Cathedral of Learning.  Up to that point the building was a pigeon palace with nests in every nook and cranny.  At the end of the cleaning project the building was pigeon-proofed with netting to cover the access points.  With few pigeons at home our juvenile peregrines learn to hunt at the next nearest flock which happens to be at Fifth & Craig.  That area is a much more dangerous zone than the Cathedral of Learning because of its now-covered chimney and two mirror-glass buildings.  

Slowly, we humans are figuring this out.  The chimney was easy to fix.  The windows are harder.  

It would help if the pigeon flock moved to a safer location.

(photo of the Software Engineering Institute hall of mirrors on Henry Street by Kate St. John)

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Update on Red’s condition:  This morning I saw “Red” eating breakfast on Heinz Chapel steeple while both of his parents watched him.  Like all parents they could tell he wasn’t well and needed some extra attention.  Over at St. Paul’s Cathedral steeple, one of his remaining sisters whined.  She seems fine.  I hope she stays away from those windows!

Last week the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review reported that Phipps Conservatory is working through the approval process to install a modern 40-foot vertical-axis wind turbine at their upcoming Center for Sustainable Landscapes.

Since then Tony Bledsoe and I have received inquiries from folks who are worried that this windmill will hurt local birds, especially the peregrines, so I thought I’d discuss it today.  Please keep in mind that these are truly comments, not a news story.  I don’t know anything more than the media reported last week but I do know something about Schenley Park, birds, windmills, and our peregrines.

I’ll address the issues point by point:

• Approval process:  Phipps is going through an approval process not because the windmill is dangerous but because Phipps Conservatory and Schenley Park are historic landmarks.  The wind turbine needs zoning approval because it’s 40 feet tall (four stories) in a historic setting. 
• It “looks more like a revolving door than a windmill”:   Though I don’t know what model is planned for Phipps, chances are it will look similar to the one pictured here in Rogiet, Wales.  It’s a spinning cylinder less than 10 feet wide.  Click here to see what this model looks like when the wind blows.
• Will this windmill be a danger to birds?  Not likely.  The danger to birds depends on the location where the windmills are installed, the models used, and the number of windmills at the wind farm.  Altamont Pass Wind Farm, home of the famous killing-windmills, is one of the earliest, largest U.S. wind farms.  It houses nearly 5,000 small windmills on fretwork towers in ground-squirrel (prey) habitat in a migration corridor.  (See what it looks like here.)  The location attracts raptors who perch on the struts to hunt ground squirrels and die when they fly off the towers to capture prey.  Altamont has taught the wind energy industry what not to do.  To drive home that message Audubon won a lawsuit against Altamont’s owners, forcing them to replace the deadliest windmills.  Just to emphasize:  There’s a world of difference between a single 10-ft-wide revolving-door wind turbine in a city setting and 5,000 spinning-blade windmills in California’s migratory raptor habitat. 
• Will it hurt our peregrines?  Nope.  I’m not worried by it at all.  Peregrines are masters at avoiding moving things including waving flags and Life Flight helicopters (which you hear frequently on the Cathedral falconcam).  It’s what they don’t see that kills them.  Windows, not windmills, are the biggest killer of birds.  Birds see the sky’s reflections on windows, not the windows as walls, so they try to fly through them.  Up to 2.7 million birds per day are killed by windows in the U.S.   In 2008 one of Pitt’s young peregrines died by smashing into a window.   If you want to save birds, make windows safe.  Click here to read more from New York City Audubon.

Meanwhile, if you want to see a vertical-axis wind turbine I hear there’s one at the Eat’N'Park at Waterworks Mall near Fox Chapel.  Sounds like a good idea for a field trip:  sightseeing, shopping and eating.

(photo of a vertical axis wind turbine at Rogiet primary school in Wales by Andy Dingley.  Click on the photo to see the original on Wikimedia Commons.)